Over the past few decades an extensive literature has been published on the study of complex physical, biological and social systems. As complex systems tend to be generic and pervasive they differ from complicated systems that are distinctive and specialized. Complex systems have some generally accepted properties. Their structure spans several scales, constituents are interdependent and interact in nonlinear ways. These interactions give rise to novel and emergent dynamics. The combination of structure and emergence is viewed as self-organization.
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